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<A href="introduction6.htm">Debugging Tools for Windows (WinDbg, KD, CDB, NTSD)</A> &gt; <A href="debugger_reference.htm">Debugger Reference</A> &gt; <A href="debugger_commands.htm">Debugger Commands</A> &gt; <A href="kernel_mode_extensions.htm">Kernel-Mode Extension Commands</A> &gt; </div>
	<div id="winchm_template_title">!stacks</div>
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	<div id="winchm_template_content"><div id="mainSection"><p>The <b>!stacks</b> extension displays information about the kernel stacks.</p>
<p>Syntax</p>
<pre class="syntax"><b>!stacks </b>[<i>Detail</i> [<i>FilterString</i>]] </pre>
<h2><a id="ddk__stacks_dbg"></a><a id="DDK__STACKS_DBG"></a>Parameters</h2>
<p></p>
<dl>
<dt><a id="_______Detail______"></a><a id="_______detail______"></a><a id="_______DETAIL______"></a>       <i>Detail</i>      </dt>
<dd>
<p>Specifies the level of detail to use in the display. The following table lists the valid values for <i>Detail</i>.
  </p>
<table>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
          0
        </p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Displays a summary of the current kernel stacks. This is the default value.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
          1
        </p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Displays stacks that are currently paged out, as well as the current kernel stacks.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
          2
        </p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Displays the full parameters for all stacks, as well as stacks that are currently paged out and the current kernel stacks.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
</dd>
<dt><a id="_______FilterString______"></a><a id="_______filterstring______"></a><a id="_______FILTERSTRING______"></a>       <i>FilterString</i>      </dt>
<dd>
<p> Displays only threads that contain the specified substring in a symbol. </p>
</dd>
</dl>
<h3><a id="DLL"></a><a id="dll"></a>DLL</h3>
<p>
          Kdexts.dll
         </p>
<h3><a id="Additional_Information"></a><a id="additional_information"></a><a id="ADDITIONAL_INFORMATION"></a>Additional Information</h3>
<p>For information about kernel stacks, see <i>Microsoft Windows Internals</i>, by Mark Russinovich and David Solomon. (This book may not be available in some languages and 

countries.)</p>
<h2>Remarks</h2>
<p>The <b>!stacks</b> extension gives a brief summary of the state of every thread. You can use this extension instead of the <a href="#Bookmark2417"><b>!process</b></a> extension to get a quick overview of the system, especially when debugging multithread issues such as resource conflicts or deadlocks.</p>
<p>The <a href="#Bookmark2479"><b>!findstack</b></a> user-mode extension also displays information about particular stacks.</p>
<p>Here is an example of the simplest <b>!stacks</b> display:</p>
<pre class="syntax" xml:space="preserve"><code>kd&gt; !stacks 0
Proc.Thread  .Thread  ThreadState  Blocker
                                     [System]
   4.000050  827eea10  Blocked    +0xfe0343a5

                                     [smss.exe]

                                     [csrss.exe]
  b0.0000a8  82723b70  Blocked    ntoskrnl!_KiSystemService+0xc4
  b0.0000c8  82719620  Blocked    ntoskrnl!_KiSystemService+0xc4
  b0.0000d0  827d5d50  Blocked    ntoskrnl!_KiSystemService+0xc4
.....</code></pre>
<p>The first column shows the process ID and the thread ID (separated by a period).</p>
<p>The second column is the current address of the thread's ETHREAD block.</p>
<p>The third column shows the state of the thread (initialized, ready, running, standby, terminated, transition, or blocked).</p>
<p>The fourth column shows the top address on the thread's stack.</p>
<p>Here are examples of more detailed <b>!stacks</b> output:</p>
<pre class="syntax" xml:space="preserve"><code>kd&gt; !stacks 1
Proc.Thread  .Thread  ThreadState  Blocker
                                     [System]
   4.000008  827d0030  Blocked    ntoskrnl!MmZeroPageThread+0x66
   4.000010  827d0430  Blocked    ntoskrnl!ExpWorkerThread+0x189
   4.000014  827cf030  Blocked    Stack paged out
   4.000018  827cfda0  Blocked    Stack paged out
   4.00001c  827cfb10  Blocked    ntoskrnl!ExpWorkerThread+0x189
.....
                                     [smss.exe]
  9c.000098  82738310  Blocked    Stack paged out
  9c.0000a0  826a5190  Blocked    Stack paged out
  9c.0000a4  82739d30  Blocked    Stack paged out

                                     [csrss.exe]
  b0.0000bc  826d0030  Blocked    Stack paged out
  b0.0000b4  826c9030  Blocked    Stack paged out
  b0.0000a8  82723b70  Blocked    ntoskrnl!_KiSystemService+0xc4
.....

kd&gt; !stacks 2
Proc.Thread  .Thread  ThreadState  Blocker
                                     [System]
   4.000008  827d0030  Blocked    ntoskrnl!KiSwapThread+0xc5
                                  ntoskrnl!KeWaitForMultipleObjects+0x2b4
                                  ntoskrnl!MmZeroPageThread+0x66
                                  ntoskrnl!Phase1Initialization+0xd82
                                  ntoskrnl!PspSystemThreadStartup+0x4d
                                  ntoskrnl!CreateSystemRootLink+0x3d8
                                  +0x3f3f3f3f
   4.000010  827d0430  Blocked    ntoskrnl!KiSwapThread+0xc5
                                  ntoskrnl!KeRemoveQueue+0x191
.....</code></pre></div></div>	
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